Journal of Environment and Sociobiology

Kunal Sarkar ¹, Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya ², Susanta Kumar Chattopadhyay ¹, Subrata Trivedi ¹, Sudeshna Ghoshal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sericulture, Krishnath College, Berhampore, Murshidabad-742101, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

The Study Evaluated the Effect of Feeding of Different Maturity Level of Mulberry Leaves, I.e., Tender, Medium, Mix and Mature Leaves on the Commercial Characteristics of Crossbreed (N×NB₄D₂) during Dry Summer in West Bengal. the Data Obtained during the Study was Compared with those of Control where Conventional Leaf Feeding Method was Followed. most of the Larval and Cocoon Characters, Viz., Larval Weight, Effective Rate of Rearing, Cocoon Weight, Shell Weight and Shell Ratio Percentage, Etc., were Recorded Significantly Higher in Tender Leaves Fed Batches Followed by Medium Leaves Fed Batches. Significantly Higher Post Cocoon Parameters, Viz., Average Filament Length, Nonbreakable Filament Length, Renditta and Raw Silk Recovery Percentage, Etc., were Recorded in Tender Leaf Fed Batches. Qualitative Analysis of Leaves also Suggested that Tender Leaves are more Nutritious than other Maturity Level of Leaves. Mature Leaves Fed Batch Showed Inferior Performance in Terms of all the Characters. the Present Experiment also Revealed that 20% of Tender Leaves can be Saved Particularly in Dry Summer, which are Generally Clipped by Sericultural Farmers in West Bengal in Late Larval Instar before Providing Mulberry Shoots to Silkworm Larvae.

Keywords

Mulberry Leaves, Maturity Level, Cocoon Characters, Reeling Characters.

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Kunal Sarkar ¹, Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya ², Susanta Kumar Chattopadhyay ¹, Subrata Trivedi ¹, Sudeshna Ghoshal ¹, Vinod B. Mathur ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Sericulture, Krishnath College, Berhampore, Murshidabad-742101, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
3 Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Present investigation indicates that feeding larvae with Mulberry leaves which were water dipped and dried for entire larval instar (T2) and in late larval instar (T4) gave better performance than control in respect of most of the larval and cocoon characters. But feeding larvae with leaves immediately water dipped for entire larval instar (T₁) and in late larval instar (T3) showed inferior results in terms of all commercial characters in wet summer. This investigation suggests that leaves with high moisture content are not harmful for silkworm larvae at any season but water in the surface of leaves may be harmful for them. So it is important to feed silkworm larvae by just shaking the water from surface of the leaves or by drying the leaves for few minutes particularly during rainy season when the leaves are wetted due to rain. Investigation also reveals that if the wet leaves are dried for some time, it helps to increase the moisture percentage of leaves. Then it is also helpful to improve the cocoon characters.

Keywords

Water Treated Mulberry Leaves, Cocoon Characters, Reeling Characters.

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Subrata Trivedi ¹, Kunal Sarkar ², Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya ², Susanta Kumar Chattopadhyay ², Sudeshna Ghoshal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Sericulture, Krishnath College, Berhampore, Murshidabad-742101, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted on number, length and the pattern of pubescence in different maturity level of leaves in different improved mulberry varieties i.e., S₁, S₁₆₃₅ and also in a local variety which are commonly cultivated in various parts of West Bengal. The study reveals that density of pubescence is more in tender leaves, but the pubescence in tender leaves is immature in stage. Tip of pubescence is blunt in case of tender leaves. Length of pubescence is increased and tip of pubescence is sharp and pointed in case of mature leaf. Length of pubescence is less in S₁₆₃₅ variety in all types of leaves as compared to that the local and S₁ varieties. But in case of local variety pubescence is longest. Tip of pubescence is found more sharp in case of local variety and less sharp in case of S₁₆₃₅ variety. This result indicates that among these three varieties insects prefer to feed S₁₆₃₅ variety in terms of pubescence study. On the other hand, due to presence of immature and blunt type of pubescence, tender leaves are more favourable and palatable for silkworm larvae.

Keywords

Pubescence, Maturity Level of Leaves, Mulberry Varieties.

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Arindam Chakrabortty ¹, Gopinath Baur ¹, Sanat Roy ¹, Sudeshna Ghoshal ¹, Alak Ranjan Goswami ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sericulture, Krishnath College, Berhampore, Murshidabad-742101, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

A major factor determining the productivity and the profitability in sericulture is the yield of mulberry crop. Maximization of leaf yield of mulberry per unit area will lead to increase cocoon production at reduced cost. Thus, it should be the primary aim of the sericulturists to maximize leaf production. As a result of experimentation over a number of years on various aspects of mulberry cultivation, viz, variety, spacing, planting season, method of planting, irrigation, manuring, pruning, etc, a package of practices comprising all the factors was formulated and recommended to the field to maximize the leaf output. The "package of practices" differs with different agroclimatic conditions and topography of the area.

Keywords

Mulberry, Irrigated Land, Rainfed Land.

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Sagnik Kumar Ganguly ¹, Arindam Chakraborty ², Gopinath Baur ², Susanta Kumar Chattopadhyay ², Subrata Trivedi ², Sudeshna Ghoshal ²

Affiliations
1 1 Debitala Lane, Ichapur, 24-Parganas (N), W. Bengal PIN- 74314, IN
2 Department of Sericulture, Krishnath College, Berhampore, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Comparative cellular immune responses between commercially exploited bivoltine and multivoltine races have been studied. Worms of different races are inoculated with pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus vitulinus. Total Haemocyte Count (THC) at each post-inoculation period has been noted and compared with control groups. Bivoltines have more hemocytic concentration than that of any multivoltine races. A common behavior is observed for all races after inoculation of pathogen. The hemocyte population decreases in Ist hour, increases in 2^nd hour and again decreases in 3^rd hour. In second experiment, a multivoltine race, M₁₂W was selected and was injected with saline having silica, indigo and carbon particles and with particle free saline (0.67% NaCl). But results similar to those of the first experiment were found indicating that pathogenicity is not the cause of first 3 hours, down-up-down sequence of THC in inoculated worms.

Keywords

Total Haemocyte Count, Pathogen, Bivoltine and Multivoltine Silkworms.

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Sudeshna Ghoshal ¹, Aoishik Roy ²

Affiliations
1 Dept of Zoology, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, IN
2 Dept of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, IN

Abstract

Coral reefs are highly bio-diverse and productive marine ecosystem which bear aesthetic values and provide economic resources to large population. Extreme climate anomalies and increased sea surface temperature have caused mass coral bleaching (MCB) events globally in 1998, 2010 and 2016, and the present status of Indian coral reefs is presented in this communication.

Keywords

Coral Reefs, Distribution, Coral Bleaching, Status, India.

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Sudeshna Ghoshal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, IN

Abstract

Sustainability of the coral reef ecosystem depends on symbiotic relationship between corals and their algae which is threatened due to various environmental factors. These often lead to mass coral bleaching at global scale. These stresses cause numerous cellular responses among the symbiotic partners although the exact cellular and molecular mechanism by which they fall apart are yet not fully known. Various proximal events like, symbiont degradation, programed cell death and even alteration in gene expression pattern in both the coral polyps and alga due to stress are now increasingly known. These cellular responses weaken the symbiotic stability and stimulate the bleaching phenomenon in corals.

Keywords

Coral polyps, Zooxanthellae. Symbionts, Environmental factors, Cellular dysfunction, Bleaching.

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